General QA Interview Questions – Level : Easy

Sometimes interviewers at companies will ask general questions  in order to warm them up before asking more specific technical questions involving algorithms, design or coding. If the candidate ends up taking too much time, then there may not be a need to evaluate the interviewee further with harder and more technical questions. The interviewer(s) can also benchmark candidates and choose wisely from an average lot.

QA Basics/Methodologies

1. What is the difference between Verification and validation?
2. What is the difference between white box, black box, and gray box testing?
3. Explain Unit Testing, Integration Tests, System Testing and Acceptance Testing?
4. What is negative and positive testing?
5. What is the difference between Functional Requirement and Non-Functional Requirement?
6. How Severity and Priority are related to each other?
7. Explain Localization testing with example?
8. Explain Compatibility testing with an example?
9. What is Smoke Test and Sanity Testing? When will use these Tests?
10. Explain bug life cycle.
11. What is the difference between a bug and an enhancement? Give examples
12. How would you Classify defects according to Severity
13. Difference between Volume, Load and stress testing in software

QA Technical

14. Can you differentiate among encoding, encryption and hashing?
15. What are Brute Force Attacks?
16. What is debugging?
17. Explain the concept of DHCP.
18. Explain different layers in the OSI model.
19. Explain a.) Memory leaks b.) Configuration management c.) Buffer overflows d.) Automation test framework
20. What is MAC address?
21. Explain the functionality of PING.
22. Explain the core naming mechanism, Domain Name System (DNS).
23. Define latency, transfer and seek time with respect to disk I/O.
24. What do u mean by Threads in Windows?
25. What is the difference between processes and threads?
26. What are services?
27. What is kernel?
28. What is virtual memory?
29. What is disk fragmentation?
30. What is the difference between SATA and SSD drives?
31. What is cache memory?
32. What is BIOS? What is UEFI?
33. What is URL?
34. What is File system?
35. Windows ACPI- What is Sleep, Hibernate?
36. What is difference between shutdown and restart?
37. What are the different file systems available in Windows?
38. If you turn on a PC and the boot process halts and you get the error message ” C:\System32\Config file missing or Corrupt” What is this due to? How do u debug?
39. What does the term UAC stand for?
40. What is Active Directory?
41. What is LDAP?
42. How to access Windows registry?
43. Explain registry data types in Windows.
44. What is sysvol folder?
45. What are GPO’s?
46. What is the Blue Screen of Death and what could be it’s causes ?
47. What is a memory dump?
48. What is Nslookup?
49. What is virtualization?
50. What is the advantage of NTFS over FAT and FAT32?
51. Difference between 64bit and 32 bit OS ?
52. What is RAID?
53. When you ping a machine, it returns: TTL expired; what could the cause be?
54. What is windows event viewer?
55. How will you measure windows boot performance?
56. What are DLLs?
57. What is ‘tail’ and ‘head’ in Linux?
58. I want to connect to a remote server and execute some commands, how can I achieve this? Eg: telnet

Programming Basics

59. What is method overloading and overriding?
60. Define pointers
61. What is Class? What are methods? What are constructors?
62. What are interfaces?
63. What is an object? What is inheritance?
64. What is exception handling? Give example
65. How will you make sure that there are necessary test hooks, exception handling and logs in the developer code?
66. How would you find out memory leaks in a .NET application
67. What is main() class?
68. When should ‘switch’ statement be used over ‘if’ statement?
69. Is Default case necessary in switch statement?
70. What is a structure?
71. Define Enumeration
72. What is the difference between an array and a dictionary?
73. What needs to be done before you can run a shell script from the command line prompt?
74. How do you refer to the arguments passed to a shell script?

Algorithm/Analytical

75. Program to Reverse String, Anagrams, swap numbers
76. How to Test the water bottle?
77. Test cases for a Traffic Signal
78. Test Cases for an Elevator
79. Test cases for a Smartphone
80. Test Cases for Airline booking System
81. Test Cases for Ordinary calculator
82. Test Cases for Email Password Reset Feature
83. Test Cases for a set of Radio button or Check Boxes
84. How would you automate Login scenario?
85. Design and implement a parking lot. Test the parking lot.
86. SQL query to get the earliest flight from A to B
87. Suppose you have 8 balls, one of them is either have more/less weight, In how many least possible iterations would you find that ball?
88. Write the program x the power y using recursion.
89. Algorithm to build a Fibonacci suite
90. Design a test framework to test working of an ATM
91. Design test framework for UI testing.
92. Write code to reverse an integer without using an extra variable, condition, number can overflow while reversing
93. Given an array and a sum, find all the pairs in the array which have the given sum
94. Find the smallest element in a n array
95. Program to swap two numbers without using 3^rd variable
96. Code to merge two lists. write unit tests for result
97. Sort an array of numbers in multiple ways.
98. How many different ways can you think of to move some bits of information fromone computer to another?
99. File a bug report for a bug in the real world.
100. Given a list of numbers (a fixed list) andanother list, write a function which determines whether any element in the second list appears in the fixed list.
101. Write a function that returns a histogram of frequency of a regular dice rolls
102. How will you test copy command?
103. What code would you use in a shell script to determine if a directory exists?

Android Testing Questions

Android Testing Questions

What is Android?

Android is a stack of software for mobile devices which includes an Operating System, middleware and some key applications. The application executes within its own process and its own instance of Dalvik Virtual Machine. Many Virtual Machines run efficiently by a DVM device. DVM executes Java languages byte code which later transforms into .dex format files.

What is the Android Architecture?

Android Architecture is made up of 4 key components:

- Linux Kernel

- Libraries

- Android Framework

- Android Applications

Explain the Boot sequence of Andriod?

Step 1: Power on and boot ROm code execution

Step 2: The Boot Loader Loading

Step 3: Starting of Linux Kernal

Step 4: The init Process

Step 5: Zygote and Dalvin

Step 6: The System Server initation

What is Bootchart and how to use?

Bootchart is a system designed to show a graphical display of the activity of a system during boot. The tool consists of a data collection tool and a graphic generator tool.

Overview of Steps to Use Bootchart

*install the bootchart tool on your host machine

*build 'init' with bootchart support

*install 'init' into your system image

*trigger bootchart functionality on system boot

*retrieve the collected data from the system

*generate the graphic from the data

*view the resulting graphic

*interpret the results

What are the features of Andriod?

1. Software Feature:

*Integrated Browser based on the open source Web Kit Engine

*SQlite for Relational data storage

*Media Support for Common Audio, Video  and still image format

*Dalvik Virtual Machine Optimized for mobile devices

2. Harware Features:

*Celluar networking : GSM, EDGE, 3G

*LAN : Bluetooth and Wifi

*Grafics Hardware and acceleration

*Camera , GPS and Compass

3.Security

*Andriod applications runs in a sandbox, an isolated area of the OS that does not have access to the rest of the sysems's resources,unless access permissions are granted by the user when the application is installed.

What are the core components under the Android application architecture?

There are 5 key components under the Android application architecture:

- services

- intent

- resource externalization

- notifications

- content providers

What is an Activity?

A single screen in an application, with supporting Java code.

What is an Intent?

A class (Intent) which describes what a caller desires to do. The caller will send this intent to Android’s intent resolver, which finds the most suitable activity for the intent. E.g. opening a PDF document is an intent, and the Adobe Reader apps will be the perfect activity for that intent (class).

What is the AndroidManifest.xml?

This file is essential in every application. It is declared in the root directory and contains information about the application that the Android system must know before the codes can be executed.

What is the APK format? ( Android Package file)

The APK file is compressed AndroidManifest.xml file with extension .apk. It also includes the application code (.dex files), resource files, and other files which are compressed into a single .apk file.

How to sync Kernel time and logcat time?

$adb shell  

$logcat -v time -f /dev/kmsg | cat /proc/kmsg > /data/klog_plog_log.txt

you can differentiate both the logs using time stamps in the platform logs. And then pull the file to your local drive using

adb pull /data/klog_plog_log.txt > sample.txt

How To Boot the Android mobile device into Recovery Mode?

Step 1. Turn your phone off.

Step 2. Hold down “Volume Up keys” +“Home” and press “Power” until the screen light ups.

Step 3. Press the three keys unlit green screen like below appears:

How to get kernel messages from Android? - BootLoader

http://bootloader.wikidot.com/linux:android:kmsg

Uses of android : -

1. Android is useful because:
2. It is simple and powerful SDK
3. Licensing, Distribution or Development fee is not required
4. Easy to Import third party Java library
5. Supporting platforms are – Linux, Mac Os, Windows

Overview of the steps you must follow to set up the Android SDK:

1. Prepare your development computer and ensure it meets the system requirements.
2. Install the SDK starter package. (If you're on Windows, download the installer for help with the initial setup.) Download Link : http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
3. Install the ADT Plugin for Eclipse (if you'll be developing in Eclipse).
4. Add Android platforms and other packages to your SDK.
5. Explore the contents of the Android SDK (optional). 

What are the advantages of Android?

The following are the advantages of Android:

1. The customer will be benefited from wide range of mobile applications to choose, since the monopoly of wireless carriers like AT&T and Orange will be broken by Google Android.
2. Features like weather details, live RSS feeds, opening screen, icon on the opening screen can be customized
3. Innovative products like the location-aware services, location of a nearby convenience store etc., are some of the additive facilities in Android

How can I get logs from my Android device?

You can get platform logs with the following command:

adb logcat > platform.log &

And kernel logs with:

adb shell cat /proc/kmsg > kmsg.log &

Features of Android:

1. Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components
2. Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
3. Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine
4. Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional)
5. SQLite for structured data storage
6. Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
7. GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
8. Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
9. Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent)
10. Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE.

What is ANR?

ANR = Application Not Responding

which means, in android it is a general rule of thumb, if an application doesn't respond with 5 seconds android takes control and shows the Application Not Responding dialog and gives control to the user to close the application.

What Is ADB??

ADB stands for Android Debug Bridge. It comes as a part of the standard Android SDK, which you can grab here. Basically, it provides a terminal-based interface for interacting with your phone’s file system. Since Android platform is based on Linux, command-line is the only way to obtain and manipulate root access often required to perform certain advanced operations on your device using root access.

While these things can be done directly on the device itself using some terminal emulator, it will be rather difficult to execute complex commands on such a small screen. ADB provides the bridge between your machine and your computer

For example,the following ADB commands:

adb push BurritoRoot2.bin /data/local/

adb shell chmod 777 /data/local/BurritoRoot2.bin

adb shell /data/local/BurritoRoot2.bin

adb root

adb shell id

adb remount

adb push su /system/xbin/su

adb shell chown 0.0 /system/xbin/su

adb shell chmod 06755 /system/xbin/su

adb remount

adb install Superuser.apk

Using ADB

One of the first things to remember is to put your device in USB debugging mode. This can be found by navigating to Menu>Settings>Applications>Development and checking the box for USB debugging. Without doing this, your PC won’t recognize your device.

The most important thing to know is simply how to get to your ADB folder via the command line. This is done with the cd (change directory) command. So if (on Windows) your SDK folder is called “android-SDK” and it’s in your root (c:) directory, you would type the following to get there:

cd c:/android-SDK

Then, to get into the ADB folder, you would add the following:

cd platform-tools

at that point, you should see a prompt that says:

C:\android-SDK\platform-tools>

At this point you can connect your device and test your ADB connection. After you’ve located and installed the drivers for your particular device, type the following:

adb devices

If everything is set up properly, you should see a list of devices attached. Your phone or tablet will have a number assigned to it, so don’t be surprised if it doesn’t say “Droid Razr” or “Galaxy Nexus.”

What is Dalvik virtual machine?

The name of Android’s virtual machine. The Dalvik VM is an interpreter-only virtual machine that executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format, a format that is optimized for efficient storage and memory-mappable execution.

The virtual machine is register-based, and it can run classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into its native format using the included “dx” tool.

 End to End testing the Mobile application?

 * Installation testing like installing an app & it should show proper indication.
 * Launching the app for the 1st time with n/w without n/w.
 * Login to the app with valid creds & invalid creds and on changing the creds from DB & refreshing should logout ask the user to relogin.
 * On wrong entering of pwd for 3 times should ask for  Captcha.
 * Interruption testing.
 * Upgarde/Downgrade Testing
 * Orintation & Compatibility testing. 
 * Different N/W testing like edge/2g/3g/Wifi
 and also checking logs to monitor for exceptions & security data is getting breached.

Android(.apk),IOS(.ipa)

adb devices
adb push
adb pull
adb reboot
adb reboot-bootloader
fast reboot
adb shell
adb install (-r/s/i) .apk
adb uninstall (-r/s/i) .apk
adb logcat
adb sideload .zip

** monitor.bat(which is inside SDK folder) helps you to enable the log screen
for this u need to download the Android SDK & give itz path in the enviroment variables.
now run monitor.bat if the screen/ device doesn't appear.
enable USB debuggin & Debugging mode on the mobile settings.
and connect the device again.
------------------------------------
everything like Interruption call/sms, battery Drain on emulators also 
But SD card mount,Unmount & Bluetooth testing can be done only on real Devices.
-----------------------------------------
 Test Data generators
 1) Random test data generators.
 2) Path wise test data generators.
 3) Goal oriented test generators.
 4) Intelligent test data generators.
 --------------------------------------------